In 1835, aboard the H.M.S Beagle, biologist Charles Darwin arrived in the Galapagos Islands. There he studied Finches. he noticed that on every island, the finches had differently shaped beaks. He also noticed that on each island, the shape of the finches beaks was adapted to the habitat of the island. There he developed his theory of Natural Selection. He concluded that if a trait helped a species thrive and produce more offspring then it will appear in the phenotype of the offspring .Then the offspring will produce more offsprings with the same phenotype. This gives the species better chances of survival in nature. In Charles Darwin's case, on each secluded islands, the Finches beaks were designed to help it survive on that island. For example, if there was a big orange reef with a shark and a bunch of red fish, then the fish would slowly adapt to become orange, and then the offspring of the orange fish would be orange, which would ultimately help them not get eaten by the shark. This could also be called "Survival of the Fittest." Before Charles Darwin's theory, many scientists believed that all plants and animals were unchanging and were designed for a specific environment and they would only live in that environment. Charles also came up with the theory of evolution. He believed that all his finches were derived from one common ancestor. His book "The Origin of Species" proposed his theory of evolution and was one of the most important books in science since it laid the foundations of evolutionary studies. Many people did not believe him at that time though and didn't accept his theory. This was because at that time it conflicted directly with religious views that God had made all plants and animals. Charles Darwin said that evolution is the result of small random changes in animals and the ones that helped them survive were kept. Even though there is a lot of controversy on his theories, many people, even today, agree that Charles Darwin greatly contributed to science. Edited by-Dr. Bharti Raizada